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![线程状态](/assets/os-notes/Pasted%20image%2020260605180138.webp)
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### 4.2 线程控制块（TCB）
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TCB存储线程的信息：
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| 信息 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| 线程ID | 唯一标识 |
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| 程序计数器 | 下一条指令地址 |
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| 寄存器值 | CPU寄存器状态 |
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| 栈指针 | 线程栈的位置 |
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| 线程状态 | 就绪/运行/阻塞 |
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![线程组织](/assets/os-notes/Pasted%20image%2020260605180515.webp)
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---
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<a id="linux"></a>
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## 五、Linux实战：线程管理
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### 5.1 Linux中的线程
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Linux中线程被称为**轻量级进程**（LWP），使用 `clone()` 系统调用创建。
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### 5.2 查看线程
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```bash
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# 查看进程的线程
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ps -T -p <PID>
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# 查看所有线程
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ps -eLf
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# 使用top查看线程
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top -H -p <PID>
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# 使用htop（更直观）
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htop -H

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cat > thread_demo.c << 'EOF'
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <pthread.h>
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void* thread_func(void* arg) {
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    printf("线程 %ld 运行中\n", (long)arg);
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    return NULL;
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}
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int main() {
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    pthread_t threads[3];
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    // 创建3个线程
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    for (long i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
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        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_func, (void*)i);
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    }
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    // 等待线程结束
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    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
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        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
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    }
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    printf("所有线程执行完毕\n");
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    return 0;
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}
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EOF
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gcc thread_demo.c -lpthread -o thread_demo
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./thread_demo

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python3 << 'EOF'
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import threading
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import time
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def worker(tid):
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    print(f"线程 {tid} 开始")
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    time.sleep(1)
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    print(f"线程 {tid} 结束")
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# 创建5个线程
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threads = []
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for i in range(5):
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    t = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(i,))
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    threads.append(t)
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    t.start()
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# 等待所有线程完成
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for t in threads:
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    t.join()
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print("所有线程执行完毕")
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EOF

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python3 << 'EOF'
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import threading
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counter = 0
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lock = threading.Lock()
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def increment():
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    global counter
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    for _ in range(100000):
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        with lock:
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            counter += 1
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# 创建10个线程并发修改共享变量
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threads = []
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for _ in range(10):
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    t = threading.Thread(target=increment)
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    threads.append(t)
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    t.start()
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for t in threads:
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    t.join()
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print(f"最终计数: {counter}")  # 应该是1000000
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EOF

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python3 << 'EOF'
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import threading
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import multiprocessing
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import time
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def task():
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    sum(range(1000000))
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# 测试线程
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start = time.time()
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threads = [threading.Thread(target=task) for _ in range(4)]
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for t in threads: t.start()
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for t in threads: t.join()
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thread_time = time.time() - start
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# 测试进程
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start = time.time()
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processes = [multiprocessing.Process(target=task) for _ in range(4)]
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for p in processes: p.start()
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for p in processes: p.join()
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process_time = time.time() - start
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print(f"线程耗时: {thread_time:.3f}s")
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print(f"进程耗时: {process_time:.3f}s")
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EOF

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# 查看线程栈信息
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cat /proc/<PID>/task/<TID>/stack
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# 查看线程状态
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cat /proc/<PID>/task/<TID>/status
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# 使用pstack查看线程栈
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pstack <PID>